Relation of Current And Voltage Between(R, L & C)

 

Relation of Current And Voltage Between R, L & C

 

The resistor is a passive device that only dissipates power when current passes through it. It develops a potential difference and applies no lag to wither current or voltage, i.e., both current and voltage signals are in phase. On the other hand, the capacitor is a storage device that can store charge when the potential difference is applied. The voltage lags the current as the charges start to accumulate. On the contrary, The Inductor has a leading voltage as it slowly develops the magnetic field around it. The current is continuously opposed in the inductor as the AC current changes its polarity.

Following Is A Simple Comparison Among Three Components:

 

RESISTOR	CAPACITOR	INDUCTOR
Non-Storage Device	Stores Energy As Charges	Stores Energy As Magnetic Field
Unit Is Ohm	Unit Is Farad	Unit Is Henry
Can’t Change Phase Difference Between V And I	Creates A Phase Difference And I Leads V	Creates A Phase Difference And V Leads I
Opposes Electric Flow	Doesn’t Oppose Flow Of Charges Rather Stores Them	Opposes Change In Electric Flow
Block Both AC And DC	Blocks Only DC	Blocks Only AC
Isn’t Affected By Frequency	Have Impedance Properties	Has Impedance Properties

 

Resistor:

The relation between voltage and current in a resistor can be related using ohm’s law.

R = V / I

Where R is the resistance in ohms, the voltage and current are always in synchronization as the resistor doesn’t change the phase between the two.

Capacitor:

Charges stored in the capacitor is inversely proportional to the potential applied across the capacitor. The relation goes as below:

C = Q / V

The unit of measurement is farad. To find the detailed relation of current and voltage, we have to modify the basic equation as follows:

Inductor:

Inductors are storing the energy in the form of the magnetic field by opposing changing current. In DC circuits, they appear as short. Current lags to voltage and can be related as follows:

The negative sign in the volage equation for the inductor represents the backflow or the induced emf generated.