DC Shunt Motor

 DC Shunt Motor

 

A shunt is a common name for a parallel circuit when speaking in terms used in electrical engineering. Therefore, direct current (DC) motors are referred to as shunt motors when the armature windings and field windings are linked in parallel. There are certain variances in operation that occur between DC series-wound motors and DC shunt motors as a consequence of the differences in construction that exist between the two kinds; however, the most important difference is found in the speed characteristics of each type. Whereas a direct current (DC) series-wound motor displays a direct, inverse connection between load and speed, a direct current (DC) shunt motor can keep its speed constant regardless of the amount of load that is being applied to the motor.

The torque that is produced by the motor is one aspect of its design that stands out from the rest and can be understood better by taking into account this aspect. To get a high torque,

Generated torque is proportional to the armature current, the armature winding has to be subjected to a quantity of current that is much larger than the current that flows through the field winding Due to flux linkage between the armature winding and the field winding is likewise proportional to the torque, the flux linkage in the field winding has to be increased by winding it with a large number of turns DC shunt motor has to be designed in such a way that the field winding has a much higher number of turns to increase the net flux linkage and is smaller in diameter of conductor to increase its resistance. This is in comparison to the armature winding of the DC motor, which has a larger diameter than the conductor and is designed to increase the current flow. In a static situation, a shunt wound DC motor may be visually differentiated from a DC series motor of the self-excited type motor's category because the DC series motor's field coils are thicker.

The capability of the DC shunt motor to self-regulate its speed in response to the load that is applied to the shaft of the rotor connections is a feature that is both highly significant and quite intriguing about this kind of motor. This indicates that when the operating state of the motor is changed from no load to load, there is unexpectedly not a significant change in the speed of running. This is contrary to what one would anticipate in the absence of any speed-regulating alterations from the outside. 

DC shunt motors, which have the ability to self-regulate their speed, are considered an excellent choice for applications that call for accurate control of the rotational speed of the motor.  However, they are unable to create a strong beginning torque, which means that the load must be low when the motor is first started. Machine tools like lathes and grinders, in addition to other types of industrial equipment like fans and compressors, are examples of applications that satisfy these characteristics and are thus ideal for DC shunt motors.

 

              Typical Shunt DC Motor

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